Transformers are devices that are used to transfer electrical energy between two or more circuits, often with different voltage and current levels. They are commonly used in power transmission and distribution systems, as well as in electronic equipment like computers, audio amplifiers, and television sets.
The basic components of a transformer include two coils of wire, known as the primary and secondary windings, which are wrapped around a magnetic core made of laminated steel. When an alternating current (AC) flows through the primary winding, it creates a magnetic field around the core that induces a voltage in the secondary winding.
Transformers operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction, which states that a changing magnetic field can generate an electric current in a conductor. They can be designed to step up or step down the voltage level of an AC power supply, depending on the number of turns in the primary and secondary windings.
Transformers can be used to isolate electrical circuits from one another, provide impedance matching, and reduce voltage surges and spikes. They come in a variety of sizes and configurations, from small power adapters to large, high-voltage transformers used in utility power grids.
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