What is longsword?

The longsword is a European sword characterized by a long blade (typically 36 to 48 inches) and a grip designed for two-handed use. It was primarily used during the late medieval and Renaissance periods (roughly 14th to 16th centuries), though earlier and later examples exist.

Key aspects of the longsword include:

• Design and Construction: Longswords typically feature a cruciform hilt with a straight, double-edged blade. The blade profile often tapers to a point, making it suitable for both cutting and thrusting. The hilt components, including the pommel and guard, are crucial for balance and hand protection.

• Historical Context: The longsword emerged as armor evolved, requiring swords capable of delivering powerful blows and piercing gaps in plate armor. It became a popular weapon for knights and soldiers alike.

• Fighting Techniques: Longsword fighting is a complex martial art, encompassing a wide range of techniques including cuts, thrusts, parries, grapples, and even strikes with the hilt (known as "Mordhau"). Historical manuals, such as those written by Johannes Liechtenauer and Fiore dei Liberi, provide detailed instructions on longsword combat.

• Nomenclature: The term "longsword" can be somewhat ambiguous, as it has been used to describe various swords with long blades. Other terms, like "hand-and-a-half sword" or "bastard sword," are sometimes used synonymously, though these can refer to swords with grips that accommodate either one or two hands.