What is abseiling?

Abseiling, also known as rappelling, is a controlled descent down a vertical drop, such as a rock face, using a rope. It is a technique widely used in mountaineering, climbing, caving, canyoning, search and rescue, and by military units.

The basic principle involves attaching a rope to a secure anchor point above and using a friction device to control the speed of descent. The individual controls their descent by applying varying degrees of tension to the rope.

Here are some key aspects of abseiling:

• Equipment: Essential equipment includes a strong rope, a harness, a descent device (e.g., an ATC, figure-eight, or belay device), locking carabiners, and a helmet.
• Anchor: A secure and reliable anchor is crucial. This can be a natural feature (e.g., a sturdy tree or rock horn) or an artificial anchor (e.g., bolts or cams). Proper anchor selection and rigging are critical for safety.
• Technique: A safe technique involves maintaining a controlled speed, keeping the body perpendicular to the wall, and using a prusik backup for added safety.
• Safety: Abseiling can be dangerous if not performed correctly. It's vital to have proper training, check equipment thoroughly, and use backup systems. Common dangers include rope slippage, anchor failure, and uncontrolled descents.
• Variations: Various abseiling techniques exist, including traditional rappelling, Australian rappelling (face-first), and tandem rappelling (two people abseiling together).