Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics). His work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science. He is best known to the general public for his mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2, which has been dubbed "the world's most famous equation." He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect", a pivotal step in the development of quantum theory.
Einstein is considered one of the most influential scientists of the 20th century. He published more than 300 scientific papers along with over 150 non-scientific works. His intellectual achievements and originality have made the word "Einstein" synonymous with "genius".
Key Contributions:
Theory of Relativity: Revolutionized our understanding of space, time, gravity, and the universe. It includes both special relativity and general relativity.
Photoelectric Effect: His explanation of the photoelectric effect, using the concept of photons (quanta of light), was a major contribution to the development of quantum mechanics.
Brownian Motion: His paper on Brownian motion provided experimental evidence for the existence of atoms.
Mass–Energy Equivalence: E=mc², demonstrating the equivalence of mass and energy.
Other Notable Aspects:
He was a pacifist and a strong advocate for civil rights and social justice.
He fled Nazi Germany and became a U.S. citizen in 1940.
He was offered the presidency of Israel in 1952 but declined.
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