What is commutation?

Commutation is the act of reducing or shortening a criminal sentence, such as a prison term, while still keeping the conviction on the individual's record. This is typically granted by the executive branch of government, such as the president or governor, and is often based on factors such as remorse, good behavior, or time already served.

Commutation differs from a pardon in that a pardon typically involves forgiving or excusing a convicted person's crime and often includes the restoration of certain rights, such as the right to vote or own a firearm. Commutation, on the other hand, does not erase the conviction but rather reduces the punishment associated with it.

Commutation can be seen as a way to provide a second chance to individuals who may have been excessively punished or who have demonstrated significant rehabilitation while incarcerated. It can also be used to alleviate prison overcrowding or to address disparities or injustices in the criminal justice system.