What is covariate?

A covariate is a variable that is related to both the independent variable and the dependent variable in a statistical analysis. It is used to control for potential confounding factors that may be affecting the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable. Covariates can be continuous or categorical variables, and they may be included in regression models either as main effects or as interaction terms. For example, in a study of the relationship between physical activity and weight, age and gender could be included as covariates to control for their potential effects on weight. Covariates are important in statistical analysis because they help to ensure that the results are more accurate and reliable.