What is fotoogniwo?

A fotoogniwo, also known as a photovoltaic cell or solar cell, is a semiconductor device that converts light energy directly into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect.

Here are some key aspects:

• Function: Transforms light (photons) into electricity (electrons).

• Material: Typically made from silicon (crystalline or amorphous), but other materials like gallium arsenide, cadmium telluride, and perovskites are also used.

• Mechanism: When light strikes the fotoogniwo, photons excite electrons in the semiconductor material, freeing them to flow as an electric current. This requires a p-n junction to create an electric field.

• Applications: Used in a wide range of applications, including solar panels for generating electricity, calculators, satellites, and remote power systems. They are a key component of renewable energy solutions.

• Efficiency: The efficiency of a fotoogniwo is the percentage of sunlight converted into electricity. Efficiencies vary depending on the material and design, ranging from a few percent to over 40% for specialized cells.