Horseflies are large flies belonging to the family Tabanidae. They are known for their painful bites, delivered primarily by the female flies, which require a blood meal to produce eggs. Male horseflies feed on nectar and pollen.
Appearance: Horseflies are typically robust flies ranging in size from 1 to 2.5 cm (0.4 to 1 inch). They have large, prominent eyes, often with iridescent patterns. Their bodies are usually gray or brown, and they have strong wings.
Habitat: They are found worldwide in various habitats, but are especially common near wetlands, forests, and pastures. These areas provide suitable breeding grounds.
Life Cycle: The life cycle of a horsefly involves four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Female horseflies lay their eggs near water or in moist soil. The larvae are carnivorous and feed on other insects or organic matter. Pupation occurs in drier soil, and eventually, adult flies emerge.
Bites: Female horseflies use their scissor-like mouthparts to cut into the skin of mammals, including humans, to feed on blood. The bite is often painful and can cause an allergic reaction in some individuals. The act of biting and drawing blood makes them potential vectors for diseases, but they are not considered major disease vectors.
Behavior: Horseflies are most active during warm, sunny days. They are attracted to dark colors, movement, and carbon dioxide. This is how they find their hosts to feed on.
Impact: They can be a nuisance to livestock and humans, causing irritation and stress. In some cases, their bites can lead to secondary infections.
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