What is ibid?

The term "ibid" is short for the Latin word "ibidem," which means "in the same place." It is commonly used in academic and scholarly writing to refer to a citation that was mentioned immediately before. This helps to avoid repetition and keeps references concise when citing the same source multiple times in a row.

For example, if you cite a book and then refer to the same book again in the next footnote or endnote, you can simply write "Ibid" followed by the page number if it's different from the previous citation. This indicates that the source is the same as the one cited immediately before.

It's worth noting that citation styles have different rules regarding the use of "ibid." While it is still commonly used in some styles, others like APA have moved away from ibid in favor of author-date formats or the use of short titles to facilitate electronic searching and cross-referencing. Always ensure you are following the appropriate citation style guide for your writing.