What is je?

JE stands for Japanese encephalitis. It's a serious viral infection of the brain caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). JEV is spread to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes, primarily in rural agricultural areas of Asia.

Key aspects of JE include:

• Transmission: Mosquitoes, particularly Culex species, transmit the virus. These mosquitoes breed in rice paddies and stagnant water. Birds and pigs often serve as amplifying hosts for the virus.

• Symptoms: Many infections are asymptomatic. When symptoms do occur, they can range from mild (fever, headache) to severe (seizures, paralysis, coma, and death). The incubation period is typically 5 to 15 days.

• Diagnosis: Diagnosis is typically made through laboratory testing, such as detecting JEV-specific antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or serum.

• Treatment: There is no specific antiviral treatment for JE. Treatment focuses on supportive care, such as managing symptoms like fever and seizures, and providing respiratory and circulatory support.

• Prevention: The most effective way to prevent JE is through vaccination. Safe and effective JE vaccines are available. Other preventative measures include mosquito bite avoidance, such as using insect repellent, wearing long sleeves and pants, and staying in air-conditioned or screened areas. Mosquito control programs are also important.

• Epidemiology: JE is a major public health problem in many parts of Asia, particularly in rural areas with rice cultivation. The risk of infection is highest during the rainy season, when mosquito populations are largest.