What is kleshas?

Kleshas are mental afflictions or negative emotions that cause suffering and cloud the mind according to Hindu and Buddhist teachings. There are typically five main kleshas identified in these traditions:

1. Ignorance (Avidya): This is considered the root klesha, as it is the lack of understanding of the true nature of reality and the self. Ignorance leads to attachment, aversion, and other negative emotions.

2. Attachment (Raga): Attachment is the strong desire or craving for something, whether it be material possessions, relationships, or experiences. Attachment causes suffering when we become overly attached to things that are impermanent.

3. Aversion (Dvesha): Aversion is the strong dislike or hatred towards something or someone. This negative emotion can also lead to suffering as it creates resistance and conflict within the mind.

4. Pride (Mada): Pride or ego is the sense of superiority or inflated self-importance. This klesha can lead to arrogance, jealousy, and a lack of empathy towards others.

5. Fear of Death (Abhinivesha): This klesha is the fear of change and impermanence, particularly the fear of death. It is rooted in the desire for self-preservation and can lead to anxiety and attachment to the physical body.

Overall, the kleshas are seen as obstacles to spiritual growth and enlightenment, and the practice of mindfulness, meditation, and self-awareness are often used to overcome these negative emotions and cultivate a sense of inner peace and freedom from suffering.