What is lining-out?

Lining-out is a style of singing used in many Protestant denominations, particularly in African-American churches, where a leader or precentor sings a line of a hymn or spiritual and the congregation responds by singing the same line or a variation of it. The leader and congregation alternate until the hymn or spiritual is completed.

Lining-out is believed to have originated in the colonial era, as many African-American worshippers were unfamiliar with written words and music. The practice was therefore necessary to enable them to participate in the singing.

Lining-out also serves the purpose of creating a call-and-response type atmosphere in the church service, encouraging participation and engagement of the worshippers. It is a form of oral tradition that has been passed down through generations and continues to be used in many African-American churches today.

The method of lining-out can vary between regions and denominations, with some churches using specific melodies or call-and-response patterns. It is often seen as a way of preserving cultural and religious heritage, and provides a unique and powerful experience for those who participate.