What is maaran?

Maaran, also known as Kumararaja, was a legendary figure in the early Chola dynasty of ancient Tamilakam (present-day Tamil Nadu, India). While concrete historical evidence is limited, Maaran is primarily known through later Chola inscriptions and literary works that depict him as a pivotal figure in establishing and consolidating Chola power.

• Origin and Ancestry: Maaran's origins are shrouded in myth and legend. He is often associated with the ancient city of Uraiyur (modern-day Woraiyur, near Tiruchirappalli) a major center of early Chola power. His lineage is often traced back to the sun, reinforcing his divine right to rule. Uraiyur

• Military Prowess: Maaran is celebrated for his military victories and expansionist policies. He is credited with defeating rival chieftains and consolidating the Chola kingdom's territories. Stories depict him as a valiant warrior and skilled strategist.

• Significance in Chola History: Later Chola rulers often invoked Maaran's name and legacy to legitimize their rule and emphasize the antiquity and glory of the Chola dynasty. His story served as an inspiration for future generations of Chola kings.

• Religious Affiliation: Maaran is often associated with Shaivism, the worship of the Hindu god Shiva. Later Chola rulers were patrons of Shaivism, and Maaran's connection to this faith likely contributed to his prominence in Chola historical narratives. Shaivism

• Depiction in Literature: Maaran features in various Tamil literary works and inscriptions, often portrayed as a righteous and powerful ruler who laid the foundation for the subsequent Chola empire. These accounts, while not always historically accurate, provide valuable insights into how the Cholas viewed their own past.