What is mangana.?

Mangana was a medieval fortified structure used for defensive purposes. It was constructed to protect cities, castles or fortresses from enemy attacks and sieges. Mangana had a rectangular or square shape, and its walls were reinforced with towers and battlements for increased protection. Mangana typically had one or more gates and was often surrounded by a moat. These structures were popular in the Byzantine Empire and were also found in other parts of the world, including Europe and Asia. Today, many mangana structures are in ruins or have disappeared entirely, but there are still some examples that can be seen, particularly in Turkey.