What is mercerisation?

Mercerisation is a process in which cotton or other cellulose fibers are treated with a strong alkali solution, typically sodium hydroxide (NaOH). This treatment causes the fibers to swell and increases their luster, strength, and dye affinity. The process is named after its inventor, John Mercer, who discovered it in 1844.

The mercerisation process is used to improve the quality of cotton fabric as well as yarn and thread. During the process, the fabric is first washed with water to remove any impurities. Then it is soaked in the alkali solution, which causes the fibers to swell. The fabric is then washed again to remove any remaining alkali.

After the mercerisation process, the fabric is stronger, has a higher luster, and is more resistant to mildew and shrinkage. It is also more absorbent, which makes it ideal for use in towels and other absorbent products.

In addition to cotton, other cellulose fibers such as flax, hemp, and bamboo can also be mercerised. The process can be done on a small scale at home, but it is more commonly done in a factory setting using specialized equipment.