What is overflowing?

Overflowing refers to a situation in which a certain data type exceeds its maximum limit and continues to increase or decrease in value beyond its specified range. This could happen in various scenarios, such as when a particularly large number is added to a variable or when an arithmetic operation leads to unexpected results. When an overflow occurs, the value of the data type may be truncated or overwritten, leading to unexpected or erroneous behavior. This can be a security concern, as attackers may exploit overflow vulnerabilities to execute malicious code or gain unauthorized access to a system. Programmers can prevent overflow by using appropriate data types and performing boundary checks on inputs and outputs.