What is papusza?

Papusza was a Roma poet and the first Romani woman to have her writing published. She was born in Poland in 1908 and learned to read and write in secret, as it was not common for Roma girls to receive an education. Her poetry explored themes of love, nature, and the struggles and persecution faced by the Roma community. In 1933, her first book of poetry was published, which brought her both fame and criticism from some members of the Roma community who believed that writing about Roma culture was inappropriate. Despite this, Papusza continued to write and was eventually recognized as an important voice in Roma literature. She passed away in 1987.