What is psa?

Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)

PSA, or Prostate-Specific Antigen, is a protein produced by both normal and malignant cells of the prostate gland. It is normally present in small quantities in the serum of men, and measuring the PSA level can help detect prostate cancer. However, elevated PSA levels do not always mean cancer is present; benign conditions like benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or prostatitis can also raise PSA.

Here's some key information about PSA:

• PSA Testing: A blood test measures the amount of PSA in your blood. It's often used as a screening tool for prostate cancer.

• Interpreting PSA Results: There isn't a single "normal" PSA level. Generally, the higher the PSA level, the greater the chance of prostate cancer. However, doctors consider age, race, and other factors when interpreting results. The doctor may consider PSA velocity or PSA density to interpret the results better.

• Factors Affecting PSA Levels: Besides cancer and BPH, various factors can affect PSA levels, including age, race, certain medications, recent ejaculation, and a prostate exam.

• Limitations of PSA Testing: PSA testing has limitations. It can lead to false-positive results (suggesting cancer when none exists) and false-negative results (missing cancer that is present). It can also lead to overdiagnosis and overtreatment of prostate cancer.

• Shared Decision-Making: Due to the complexities and potential risks of PSA testing, it's crucial to discuss the pros and cons with your doctor to make an informed decision about screening. The doctor may suggest a prostate biopsy if the levels of PSA are high.