What is retconning?

Retconning, short for "retroactive continuity," is a literary and narrative technique used to modify or reinterpret previously established facts or events in a fictional universe. Retconning is often used in sequential art, such as comic books or manga. This narrative device is used to help establish new storylines or correct inconsistencies or errors in the pre-existing continuity of a fictional universe.

Retconning is used for various reasons, such as to fix plot holes, to introduce new characters, or to change the superhero's origin story. It can be a controversial technique as it can change fundamental facts about a character, which can be seen as betraying fans' expectations.

However, when used correctly, retconning can help a story to advance, bring a sense of freshness to the narrative while keeping established characters alive and interesting, and validate alternative universe versions of heroes. Some famous retcons include the revelation in "Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back" that Darth Vader is Luke Skywalker's father and the revision of DC Comics' Green Lantern Corps.