Edmund Sosa (1926-2019) was a prominent American epistemologist known for his work on knowledge, justification, and virtue epistemology. He is particularly famous for the "Gettier problem" solutions he proposed.
Sosa's work focuses significantly on the nature of justification and its relationship to knowledge. He proposes that knowledge is apt belief, meaning a belief that is accurate (true) because of the believer's competence. Sosa defends a form of coherentism as well as advocating for virtue epistemology.
A core concept in his work is animal knowledge and reflective knowledge. Animal knowledge involves a belief being directly caused by and reliably linked to the fact it represents. Reflective knowledge, on the other hand, involves a meta-cognitive grasp of the reliability of one's cognitive faculties.
His virtue epistemology views knowledge as a kind of intellectual performance where true belief is achieved through the exercise of intellectual virtues or competences. It's the idea that knowledge is like a skilled action – it's valuable because it manifests a kind of excellence. Sosa's work offers a rich and detailed account of how we can achieve knowledge and how our cognitive abilities play a vital role.
Important concepts include:
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