UVB (ultraviolet B) is a type of electromagnetic radiation that is present in sunlight. It has a shorter wavelength and higher energy than UVA, and is responsible for causing sunburn, skin damage, and skin cancer. However, UVB is also necessary for the synthesis of vitamin D in the skin. Exposure to UVB causes the skin to produce a precursor molecule, which is converted to vitamin D in the liver and kidneys. In addition to sunlight, UVB is also emitted by some types of artificial light sources, such as tanning beds and some medical devices used in phototherapy. Excessive exposure to UVB can be harmful, but moderate exposure is important for overall health. Protective measures, such as wearing sunscreen and limiting time in direct sunlight, can help reduce the risk of damage from UVB radiation.
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