What is axilla?

Axilla is the medical term for the armpit, which is the hollow area on the underside of the shoulder joint and includes the surrounding structures. Here are some key points about the axilla:

1. Anatomy: The axilla is a pyramidal-shaped space bordered by muscles and other structures. It is located between the upper arm and the side of the chest.

2. Contents: The axilla contains several important structures, including blood vessels, lymph nodes, nerves, and muscles. The axillary artery and vein, which supply blood to and drain blood from the upper limb, run through this region. Lymph nodes in the axilla play a significant role in filtering and draining lymphatic fluid.

3. Lymphatic drainage: The axillary lymph nodes receive lymph from the upper limbs, breast, and pectoral region. This makes them relevant in the evaluation and diagnosis of breast cancer, as cancer cells can spread to these nodes.

4. Nerve supply: Several nerves pass through the axilla or originate from it. The brachial plexus, a network of nerves that controls movements and sensation in the upper limb, gives rise to various nerves that travel through the axilla.

5. Clinical significance: The axilla is commonly examined for lymphadenopathy (enlarged lymph nodes), which can be a sign of infection or cancer. It is also predominantly involved in axillary hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating), a condition that can be managed through various treatment options.

6. Axillary dissection: In certain surgeries, such as those for breast cancer, an axillary dissection may be performed. This involves removing some or all of the axillary lymph nodes for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.

7. Hair and sweat glands: The axilla contains numerous sweat glands that are responsible for sweat production. Additionally, hair follicles are commonly found in this area, contributing to axillary hair growth.

Understanding the anatomy and function of the axilla is important for healthcare professionals in diagnosing and treating various conditions related to this area.