What is microcystine?

Microcystin is a class of cyclic heptapeptide toxins produced by certain species of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). They are potent hepatotoxins, meaning they target and damage liver cells. Exposure to microcystin can cause a range of symptoms in humans and animals, including abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, liver damage, and death in severe cases.

Microcystin is a common contaminant in freshwater environments, particularly during warm weather months when cyanobacterial blooms proliferate. People and animals can be exposed to microcystin through ingestion of contaminated water or through contact with contaminated skin or inhalation of aerosolized toxins.

Due to the potential health risks associated with microcystin exposure, several countries have established guidelines for acceptable levels of microcystin in drinking water and recreational water sources. Treatment options for removing microcystin from water sources include activated carbon filtration, reverse osmosis, and advanced oxidation processes.