What is mubarak?

Hosni Mubarak

Hosni Mubarak (1928-2020) was an Egyptian military and political leader who served as the fourth President of Egypt from 1981 to 2011. His nearly 30-year rule was characterized by authoritarianism, economic liberalization, and close ties with the United States.

• Early Life and Military Career: Born in the Nile Delta governorate of Monufia, Mubarak graduated from the Military Academy and the Air Force Academy. He rose through the ranks of the Egyptian Air Force, participating in the Yom%20Kippur%20War in 1973.

• Ascension to the Presidency: Following the assassination of Anwar%20Sadat in 1981, Mubarak became President. He maintained Sadat's peace treaty with Israel, a key point in Egypt's foreign policy.

• Domestic Policy: Mubarak's government maintained a tight grip on power, suppressing political opposition and dissent. The Emergency%20Law, in place since 1967, was extended throughout his presidency, giving the government broad powers of arrest and censorship. While he introduced some economic reforms aimed at privatization and attracting foreign investment, corruption remained widespread.

• Foreign Policy: Mubarak played a significant role in regional diplomacy, mediating between Israel and the Palestinians and seeking to maintain stability in the Middle East. Egypt remained a close ally of the United States, receiving substantial military and economic aid.

• The Arab Spring and Overthrow: The Arab%20Spring uprisings in 2011 sparked mass protests in Egypt against Mubarak's rule. After weeks of demonstrations, he was forced to resign on February 11, 2011.

• Trial and Imprisonment: Following his ouster, Mubarak and his sons were put on trial for corruption and the deaths of protestors during the revolution. He was initially convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment but was later acquitted in several retrials. He eventually served time in prison for corruption charges.

• Death: Hosni Mubarak died on February 25, 2020, at the age of 91.