What is nfs?

NFS, or Network File System, is a distributed file system protocol that allows a user on a client computer to access files over a network in a manner similar to how local storage is accessed. It's a client-server application that provides a method for computers to share files and storage resources across a network.

Here are some key aspects of NFS:

• Functionality: It enables file sharing between computers running different operating systems. A server exports directories, making them available to clients. Clients can then mount these exported directories.

• Versions: There are several versions of NFS, including NFSv3, NFSv4, and NFSv4.1. Each version introduces improvements in security, performance, and features. NFSv4 is more firewall-friendly than earlier versions.

• Components: The main components are the NFS server, which shares the file system, and the NFS client, which mounts the remote file system.

• Security: NFS security has evolved over time. Earlier versions relied on IP addresses and UID/GID mapping for authentication, which was considered weak. Newer versions, like NFSv4, support stronger authentication mechanisms such as Kerberos.

• Mounting: Clients use the mount command to connect to the NFS server and access the shared directories. The fstab file can be configured for persistent mounts.

• Use Cases: NFS is often used in environments where multiple users need to access and share the same files, such as in universities, research institutions, and corporate networks. It's also used in cloud environments for shared storage solutions.

• Advantages: Centralized file storage and management, easy file sharing across a network, and support for heterogeneous environments.

• Disadvantages: Performance can be affected by network latency and bandwidth. Security concerns exist with older versions. Configuration can be complex.