Oul, in the context of Islamic inheritance law, refers to the increase in the total shares of the legal heirs beyond unity (1). This situation arises when the prescribed shares in the Quran, when added together, exceed the total estate available. Essentially, there isn't enough to give everyone their originally stipulated portion.
To resolve this situation, a process called 'aul (literally "increase" or "augmentation") is applied. Instead of reducing the shares of some heirs to benefit others, all shares are proportionally reduced to fit the available estate. This ensures fairness and adherence to the general principles of Islamic inheritance.
The concept of 'aul is a complex and often debated area within Islamic jurisprudence. It is primarily used within the Sunni school of thought. The Shia school of thought has different mechanisms for addressing situations where the shares exceed the available estate, most notably by applying the concept of radd (return), which involves returning the surplus to specific heirs in certain circumstances.
Key concepts related to 'aul include:
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