Pholcodine is an opioid cough suppressant. It is used to treat dry, irritating coughs, primarily in adults. It's an active ingredient in various cough syrups and lozenges.
Key Information:
Mechanism of Action: Pholcodine works by suppressing the cough reflex in the brain. It acts on the cough center located in the medulla oblongata.
Uses: Primarily used for the symptomatic relief of non-productive (dry) coughs. It does not treat the underlying cause of the cough.
Availability: Pholcodine was available in numerous over-the-counter and prescription cough medications in many countries. However, due to safety concerns, many countries have withdrawn or suspended marketing authorizations.
Adverse Effects: Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, constipation, dizziness, and drowsiness. Allergic reactions are also possible.
Risks and Concerns: A significant concern is the potential for anaphylaxis during surgical procedures involving neuromuscular blocking agents. Individuals who have taken pholcodine may have an increased risk of developing an allergic reaction to these agents, particularly suxamethonium (succinylcholine). This is due to cross-reactivity with neuromuscular blocking agents.
Regulatory Status: The regulatory status of pholcodine has changed in many countries due to the risk of anaphylactic%20reactions during anaesthesia. Many regulatory agencies have issued warnings and/or withdrawn marketing authorizations for pholcodine-containing products. It is important to check the current regulations in your country.
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