What is polynephrosis?

Polynephrosis is a condition in which there is an enlargement or dilation of the renal pelvis and calices (the collecting system of the kidney) due to obstruction of urine flow. This obstruction can be caused by a variety of factors such as stones, tumors, or scarring from previous infections or injuries.

Polynephrosis can be unilateral (affecting only one kidney) or bilateral (affecting both kidneys). It can also be acute (sudden onset) or chronic (long-standing and progressive).

Symptoms of polynephrosis may include abdominal or flank pain, urinary tract infections, frequent urination, and blood in the urine. If left untreated, polynephrosis can lead to kidney damage, chronic kidney disease, and even kidney failure.

Treatment for polynephrosis depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Options may include surgery to remove obstructions, stenting of the ureter to keep it open, or medication to manage underlying conditions such as infection or inflammation. In severe cases, dialysis or kidney transplant may be necessary.